Voyage to Health

DEIODINATION TABLE

I have compiled this extensive table of drugs and supplements that affect peripheral deiodination of thyroid hormone.

NOTES:

D1 and D2 are the enzymes that generate T3 from T4.

D2 is responsible for the majority of peripheral thyroid conversion and is the primary enzyme in the central nervous system and skeletal muscle.

D1 is found in liver, thyroid, kidney and heart.

D3 is primarily responsible for T4 deactivation.

D2 increases in hypothyroidism whereas D1 and D3 decrease in hypothyroidism and increase in hyperthyroidism.

 

D1D2D3
LithiumD2 is controversial, may apply to parts of the brain; Li interferes with iodine transport in thyroid; see “Lithium” for more info
Carbamazepine
Cytokines (chronic inflammation)
Estrogen
Progesterone
Testosterone
Bile acids
Stress
Insulin
Vitamin DDio1 decrease has been shown in liver only
Seleniumco-factor; I’ve had good results with this brand
Chronic pain
Somatostatin
Growth hormone
Iodine
Fluoxetine (Prozac)
T4
Riboflavinco-factor, role unclear
Cortisolalso decreases TSH
Calorie restriction or carbohydrate restriction
Opioids
Retinoic acidmay decrease TSH; needs to be pure retinol, not beta-carotene (like this brand)
Environmental toxins
Xenobitoics
Norepinephrinealso stimulates TRH; can be increased with L-tyrosine
Sleep deprivation
Iron deficiency
T3use micro-doses to avoid TSH suppression(see “Ken Blanchard Protocol“)
High fat diet
Propranolol
Zinc
Vitamin B12
Vitamin Cdue to effect on lipid preoccupation
Vitamin Edue to effect on lipid preoccupation
Flavonoids especially luteolin

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